FMCSA Securement Requirements
The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) sets minimum requirements for cargo securement under 49 CFR Part 393. Understanding these rules is essential for every flatbed operator.
General Securement Rules
- Aggregate Working Load Limit (WLL) must equal at least 50% of cargo weight
- Cargo must be immovable or secured to prevent shifting
- Minimum of one tie-down for articles 5 feet or less
- Minimum of two tie-downs for articles longer than 5 feet but less than 10 feet
- Add one additional tie-down for every 10 feet of cargo length
Insufficient tie-downs is the #1 flatbed securement violation. Always count your chains/straps and verify WLL before rolling.
Chain Securement
Chains are the go-to for heavy loads like steel coils, machinery, and equipment. Here's what you need to know:
Chain Grades & Working Load Limits
| Chain Size | Grade 70 WLL | Grade 80 WLL | Grade 100 WLL |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5/16" | 4,700 lbs | 5,700 lbs | 7,100 lbs |
| 3/8" | 6,600 lbs | 7,100 lbs | 8,800 lbs |
| 1/2" | 11,300 lbs | 12,000 lbs | 15,000 lbs |
| 5/8" | 15,800 lbs | 18,100 lbs | 22,600 lbs |
Proper Chain Technique
- Inspect chains for damage, wear, or stretched links before each use
- Use appropriate binders (lever or ratchet) rated for chain grade
- Never use knots in chains—they reduce WLL by 50%
- Ensure hooks are properly seated and latches are engaged
- Chains should be tight with no slack
- Check tension after first 50 miles and periodically thereafter
Strap Securement
Synthetic straps are ideal for lighter loads and freight that could be damaged by chains.
Strap Working Load Limits
| Strap Width | Typical WLL | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| 2" | 3,333 lbs | Light machinery, palletized goods |
| 3" | 5,000 lbs | Lumber, building materials |
| 4" | 5,400 lbs | Heavy lumber, equipment |
Edge protectors aren't just for protecting cargo—they also protect your straps from abrasion and cutting, which can reduce their WLL.
Tarping Best Practices
Proper tarping protects freight from weather, road debris, and UV damage. It's also often required by shippers.
Tarp Types
- Lumber tarps – 24' x 27' typical, 4' drop on sides, open back
- Steel tarps – 16' x 27' typical, 4' drop, lighter weight
- Smoke tarps – 12' x 16' typical, covers front of load from exhaust
- Machine/equipment tarps – Various sizes, heavy duty for odd shapes
Tarping Technique
- Unfold tarp on ground or trailer deck, never throw from height
- Position tarp with adequate overhang on all sides
- Secure front first, pulling tight to prevent wind lift
- Work back-to-front, alternating sides for even tension
- Use rubber bungees or tarp straps—never tie directly to cargo straps
- Create "water breaks" to channel rain off, not into load
- Double-check all D-rings and connection points
Tarping is one of the most dangerous flatbed tasks. Never tarp in high winds. Use a tarping platform or ladder—never climb on unsecured loads. Consider tarping services at truck stops if conditions are unsafe.
Commodity-Specific Securement
Steel Coils
- Eyes vertical (suicide): Chain through eye and to both sides of trailer
- Eyes horizontal (shotgun): Minimum 4 chains, positioned to prevent forward/rearward movement
- Use coil racks or bunks to prevent rolling
- Minimum chain requirement: 4 chains for coils over 5,000 lbs
Lumber & Building Materials
- Stake pockets or headache rack required for forward protection
- Belly straps between bunks to prevent shifting
- Minimum 2 straps per layer change
- Edge protectors on all strap contact points
Machinery & Equipment
- Chain to designated tie-down points only—never to lift points
- Block wheels with chocks or wedges
- Disconnect batteries and secure loose components
- Lower all buckets, blades, and attachments
Need Help With a Load?
Our dispatchers can advise on securement requirements for any commodity. Call us anytime.
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